Antonio Noriega Varela

The poet of the mountain

The landscapes of his native Mondoñedo and other municipalities in Lugo, such as Abadín, inspired the verses of Antonio Noriega Varela (1869-1947), making him known as the Poet of the Mountains. In fact, his first work was entitled “Montañeses” (Highlanders), although in later and expanded editions it would be called “D’o ermo”. In his poems we can see the influence of the links he maintained for much of his life with the agrarian movement, in such a way that images of peasant life are intermingled with evocations of the landscape and nature. He was honoured in 1969 with the Día das Letras Galegas (Day of Galician Letters).

  (…)

Non me namora o mar fero,

que a moitos tanto lles gusta;

a ti, montaña, che eu quero,

e non morro, porque espero

gozar da túa paz augusta.

(…)

Rosalia de Castro

The great poetess of Galicia

Considered a key figure in Galician culture, Rosalía de Castro (1837-1885) stands out for having played a fundamental role in the recovery of the prestige of the Galician language and for combining this with the indisputable quality of her literary creations. Traditionally associated with romanticism for her more intimate compositions, in her verses there is also room for vindication and social denunciation, as well as for recreating herself in many of the places where she spent various moments of her life and which marked her deeply. The sanctuary of the Virxe da Barca, in Muxía; the church of Saint Julian de Bastavales, in Brión, and the cathedral and other places in Santiago de Compostela are some of the places that pass through the verses of the great Galician poetess, an author who also inaugurated the celebration of the Day of Galician Letters in 1963.

 “Cantart’ ei, Galicia,

Teus dulces cantares,

Qu’ asi mó pediron

Na veira do mare.

Cantar t’ ei, Galicia,

Na lengua gallega,

Consolo dos males,

Alivio das penas.”

(…)

Manuel María

The poet of A Terra Chá

Manuel María (1929-2004) developed prolifically and brilliantly in the most diverse literary genres (essay, narrative, theatre…) addressing numerous themes and always showing a combative and committed character. But it was in the field of poetry where the work of this author, honoured in 2016 with the the Day of Galician Letters, reached its peak. After a first stage characterised by an intimate poetry, María inaugurated with “Terra Chá” a period in which her verses are focused on the landscapes of the region of Lugo. The influence of Noriega Varela is key in this new orientation and, just as the author of “D’o Ermo” is known as the poet of the Mountains, Manuel María came to be known as the poet of Terra Chá.

“A Terra Chá somentes é 

un pobo aquí, outro acolá,

mil arbres, monte raso, 

un ceo chumbo e tráxico

no que andan as aves a voar.

O resto é soedá.”

Manuel Antonio

The poet of the sea

His premature death, when he was only 30 years old due to tuberculosis, and his scarce literary production (little more than a hundred poems) have not prevented Manuel Antonio (1900-1930) from being considered one of the main representatives of the poetic avant-garde in Galicia, a fact that was also key to his being honoured in 1979 with the Day of Galician Letters. He only published one collection of poems during his lifetime, “De catro a catro. Folla sin data d’un diario d’abordo”, written during his training as a merchant navy pilot on board the Constantino Candeira in 1926 and 1927, but the importance of the work and the central theme that inspires it are some of the reasons why Manuel Antonio is often cited as the poet of the sea.

“Fomos ficando sós

O Mar o barco e mais nós

Roubaron-nos o Sol

O paquebote esmaltado

que cosía con liñas de fume

áxiles cadros sin marco”

(…)

Uxío Novoneyra

The poet of O Courel

Born in the heart of the Courel, very close to the Devesa da Rogueira, Uxío Novoneyra (1930-1999) never lost sight of his native land, to which he returned time and again after the various periods in which he lived in cities such as Madrid, Lugo and Santiago. Those landscapes inspired much of his poetic production, as can be seen in the two volumes of “Os Eidos” and in “Elexías do Courel e outros poemas”. He maintained a close friendship with other poets such as Manuel María and María Mariño and was honoured with the Day of Galician Letters in 2010. The intense activity he developed during part of his life bringing poetry to schools and social entities made Novoneyra well known not only for his poems, but also for the way he gave voice to his own verses as well as to those of other authors.

“Caurel dos tesos cumes que se ollan de lonxe!

Aiquí… síntese ben o pouco que é un home…“

Luz Pozo Garza

The poetess of Ribadeo

Luz Pozo Garza (1922-2020) herself said so on more than one occasion: Ribadeo, the town where she was born and where she spent the first years of her childhood, marked her deeply and was always very present in her poetic production. The memories of her childhood there can be seen in a fundamental work of contemporary Galician poetry, such as “Códice Calixtino”, and reach their maximum expression in the volume “Ribadeo, Ribadeo”.

“Ribadeo, Ribadeo.

Eu era aquela nena

que medraba na mariña lucense

ó leste dun edén,

no espacio extremo das fisterras.

Ti eras o xardín aberto xusto na nordesía

na seducción da luz.”

(…)

Ramón Cabanillas

The poet of the race… and of Samos

The political commitment to Galicianism of Ramón Cabanillas (1876-1959) and the way he expressed it in his literary work made him the voice of the Irmandades da Fala and earned him the nickname of “poet of the race”. But in the work of the author from Cambados there was also room for more intimate verses and for recreating himself in some of the places he travelled throughout his life. This is the case of “Samos”, a collection of poems in which he expressed in lyrical form the time and experiences accumulated during the stays that the author, remembered on the Day of Galician Letters in 1976, spent in that Benedictine monastery that gives its name to this work.

“Como un ramalliño de rosas sangales

pañadas nos folios dos vellos anales

nos místicos hortos, nas edras claustrales

nos ritos antergos, nos áureos corales,

surdeu esta estoria trazada e tecida

en prácidas horas á veira da ermida,

do edoso alcipreste, da fonte durmida,

compás da enlevada, monástica, vida”.

(…)

Eduardo Pondal

The Bard of Bergantiños

The landscapes and places of the region of Bergantiños, where Eduardo Pondal (1835-1917) was born and spent a good part of his life, are of special importance in the work of the author who, together with Rosalía de Castro and Curros Enríquez, forms the trio of great poets of the Galician cultural revival. Pondal, to whom the Day of Galician Letters of 1965 was dedicated, made his native Ponteceso as well as other neighbouring municipalities parade through his verses. Sometimes he turned the names of certain places into a source of inspiration for the mythical characters in his poems and in other cases he recreated memories through natural landscapes and monuments.

(…)

“Amabre Ponteceso, anque pequena,

agreste certamente, mas garrida,

cando deixar a mundanal faena

teu bardo e for pasado desta vida,

non t’esquezas de quen, con faz serena,

dixo a toda ciudade fementida:

Eu nacín cabo de pinal espeso,

eu nacín na pequena Ponteceso”

Johan de Cangas, Meendinho and Martin Codax

The troubadours of the Vigo estuary

Although very little is known about these three troubadours and very little of their poetry has survived to the present day, their role in Galician literature is crucial (as they were recognised in 1998) as representatives of the importance that the Galician-Portuguese language played in the Middle Ages as a form of cultural expression. In all three cases we can appreciate in their cantigas de amigo (compositions in which a lover shows her grief for the absence of her beloved) recognisable landscapes of the Vigo estuary and its surroundings, such as the city itself, in the case of Martín Codax; the hermitage of San Mamede (Bueu), in the three cantigas of Johan de Cangas, and the island of San Simón, where Meendinho places the beloved who gives voice to his verses.

“Sedia-m’eu na ermida de San Simión

e cercaron-mi as ondas, que grandes son.

Eu atendend’o meu amigo. E verrá?

Estando na ermida ant’o altar,

cercaron-mi as ondas grandes do mar.

Eu atendend’o meu amigo. E verrá?

E cercaron-mi as ondas, que grandes son:

non hei i barqueiro, nen remador.

Eu atendend’o meu amigo. E verrá?

(…)

“Cantares Gallegos” (Galician songs)

Rosalía de Castro. Honored in 1963

This work by Rosalía de Castro is one of the founding texts of the galician literary renaissance and constitutes a complete declaration of love for Galicia. Among its verses its landscapes, its inhabitants, its customs and the traditional way of life are reflected. Some of his poems allow us to get closer to specific places and moments, such as the celebration of the pilgrimage of Nosa Señora da Barca, in Muxía. The importance of “Galician songs” is so great that the election of May 17th as the Galician Letters Day is precisely because it was that day in 1863 when the first copy of the work was published.

“Guía de Galicia” (Galicia Guide)

Ramón Otero Pedrayo. Honored in 1988

“This book appears inspired by the ambitious desire to be the friend and comrade of the traveler who arrives in Galicia with an open spirit to natural and artistic beauties, to present and past realities.” This is how Otero Pedrayo describes his “Galicia Guide” in the prologue of this work, which includes itineraries to tour this land stopping at its places of greatest interest. First published almost a century ago and in spanish, the work maintains its interest by the erudition of the author and the validity of many of its contents.

“As cruces de pedra na Galiza” (The stone crosses in Galiza)

Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao. Honored in 1964

The search for cultural links between Galicia and other Celtic peoples led Castelao to undertake a study of the crosses and other similar constructions that would last for much of his life. “The stone crosses in Galiza”, a work published posthumously in 1950, continued the work that Castelao had dedicated to the crosses of French Brittany and to previous works, such as the speech prepared on the occasion of his entry into the Royal Galician Academy. The descriptions of crosses, souls boxes and calvaries and the dozens of illustrations that accompany them make this book an indispensable reference manual for lovers of popular art.

“Queixumes dos pinos” (Wailing of the pines)

Eduardo Pondal. Honored in 1965

The pines that give title to this book of poems and its most famous verses (those that form the Galician Hymn) are one of the many elements of his native Ponteceso visible in this work by Eduardo Pondal. The Camelle coast, the landscape of Monte Branco, the oak grove of Verdes, the Dombate dolmen and the course of the Anllóns river also populate these pages devoted to the lands of the Bergantiños region and its surroundings.

“A cociña galega” (The Galician cuisine)

Álvaro Cunqueiro. Honored in 1991

Álvaro Cunqueiro was a prolific author with an overflowing imagination and was also passionate about good eating, as he reflected in several of his works. In “A cociña galega” he makes a detailed review of the main ingredients and dishes of the gastronomy of this land, touring all of Galicia in search of traditional rites, such as pig slaughter, and seasoning its pages with innumerable anecdotes.

“A Esmorga” (The revelry)

Eduardo Blanco Amor. Honored in 1993

Although it is a work of fiction, “A Esmorga” is also an open door to the city of Ourense, in whose streets the main events of the revelry of its three protagonists take place. The Burgas, the San Cosme Fount, the Corregidor Square, the Alameda and other places of the city, renamed Auria in the novel, appear on its pages, which has led the city council to design a route today tourist following in the footsteps of the characters from Blanco Amor.

”Guía de Galicia para el Turista” (Galicia Guide for the Tourist)

Eladio Rodríguez González. Honored in 2001

The publication that the poet, journalist and lexicographer Eladio Rodríguez wrote for the Galician Hotel and Innkeepers Association dates back to 1917. The volume includes descriptions and recommendations of the main cities and towns in Galicia and, as the Otero Pedrayo’s guide, it allows us to see how much all these places have changed.

“Arrodeos e desvíos do Camiño de Santiago e outras rotas” (Detours of the Camino de Santiago and others routes)

Uxío Novoneyra. Honored in 2010

Folgoso do Courel, his native municipality, was the setting that inspired many of the verses of this great poet, but his poems were captivated by many other landscapes throughout Galicia. This volume collects those verses linked to each other because they were inspired by emblematic places of the different routes of the Camino de Santiago such as O Cebreiro, Compostela or Fisterra.

“Santiago de Compostela. Guía de sus monumentos e itinerarios” (Santiago de Compostela. Guide of its monuments and itineraries)

Xosé Filgueira Valverde. Honored in 2015

The dissemination of Galician heritage occupied a large part of the literary production of who, among many other positions, he held the direction of the Museum of Pontevedra for almost half a century. One of his first publications in this field was this Compostela guide, published in the early 1930s, which allows us to see what the city was like almost a century ago.

“Terra Chá”

Manuel Maria. Honored in 2016

As its own name indicates the native region of Manuel María is the central theme of this collection of poems. The landscapes around the Miño river, monuments such as the Torre de Vilalba or the Pazo de Sistallo and the evocation of traditional pilgrimages such as that of the Virgen de la Saleta, in San Xiao de Mos (Castro de Rei) nourish this collection of poems. They were published for the first time in 1954 and have also inspired a route through the area that has as its starting point the author’s house museum, located in Outeiro de Rei.

“Hemingway en Galicia” (Hemingway in Galicia)

Carlos Casares. Honored in 2017

Carlos Casares’ admiration by Ernest Hemingway, a writer who was linked to him by narrative and stylistic ties, was translated into this work. Casares traced through Hemingway’s letters and texts the steps through this land gave by the author of titles such as “The old man and the sea”, a work that Casares translated into Galician. Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Ourense, Vigo and Noiaare some of the places that Hemingway recommends to visit to friends and colleagues.

“Lugo”

Antón Fraguas. Honored in 2019

The ethnography, geography and history of Galicia in general and of those places through which he passed at different stages of his life in particular were the main areas of literary creation and dissemination of Antón Fraguas. To the city of Lugo, where he lived in the 1950s, he dedicated one of his most important works, a monograph in which he combined a review of the history of the city with a description of its most important monuments and celebrations.

“Galicia”

Ramón Piñeiro. Honored in 2009

The texts of Ramón Piñeiro, a key figure in “galeguismo” and the dissemination of Galician culture, are combined in this volume with the photographs of Víctor Vaqueiro to invite the reader to a tour of a land that the author defines as “a country of humid Europe, an Atlantic crossroads between the north and south of the continent ”.